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GLOSSARY
Antibiotic:
A drug used to treat infections caused by bacteria and other
microorganisms. Originally, an antibiotic was a substance produced
by one microorganism that selectively inhibits the growth of
another. Synthetic antibiotics, usually chemically related to
natural antibiotics, have since been produced that accomplish
comparable tasks.
Bladder
A muscular, balloon-like organ that stores urine.
Biopsy
Removal of a small tissue sample so it can be examined to determine
if cancer cells are present.
Bladder Stones
Bladder stones are
crystalline masses that form from the minerals and proteins, which
naturally occur in urine. These types of stones are much less common
than Kidney Stones.
Bladder Hernia
The protrusion of an organ,
part of an organ, or other structure through the wall of the body
cavity normally containing it. Various organs may be involved,
including the
bladder, brain,
esophagus, intestine, ovary, and rectum. The most common location
for a hernial bulge to appear is the abdominal wall, particularly
the groin.
Bladder Control
Problems (Incontinence)
Incontinence is the
loss of normal control of the bowel or
bladder.
Incontinence
can involve the involuntary voiding of urine (urinary
incontinence) or of stool and gas (fecal or bowel incontinence).
More
Information: Women's Bladder Control Center
Brachytherapy (Seeded
Implant)
Places tiny radioactive
seeds, about ¼” long and the diameter of a pin, throughout the
prostate in
order to deliver a constant dose of radiation for several months to
kill
prostate cancer
cells.
Benign Prostate Hyperplaia (BPH)
As a man ages, it is common for the
prostate gland to become enlarge. This condition is called benign
prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) or benign prostatic hypertrophy. Most
men over the age of 50 have BPH, an enlarged prostate. Dr.
Robert Pugach treats BPH with a safe and effective thermotherapy
procedure done in the office in 30 minutes.
Calcium
A naturally occurring mineral that is essential to bone health and is
found in 80% of kidney stones.
Cancer (Link to
the American Cancer Society)
A general term for a large group of disease characterized
by the uncontrolled growth of abnormal cells. Cancer is not one
disease. It is a group of more than 100 different and distinctive
diseases.
Catheter
A soft tube inserted through the urethra or abdominal wall into the
bladder to drain
urine. People who use catheters long-term are at risk for
urinary
tract infections.
Chemotherapy
Treatment of cancer or related diseases with chemical agents.
Circumcision
The removal of the foreskin
that hangs over the head of the penis.
Cryoablation
The procedure of creating an ice ball within the
prostate (or
kidney) to achieve
sub-freezing temperature – typically in the - 40°C range – using
Argon gas. When the “lethal ice” temperature is reached,
cancer cells (which are more susceptible to cold temperatures than
normal, healthy cells) are killed.
Cystitis
For women, traumatic cystitis is one of the most common forms of
cystitis and is due to bruising of the bladder. Cystitis is a term
that is used to refer to urinary bladder inflammation. It is most
commonly caused by a bacterial infection and is also categorized as
a
urinary tract infection.
Digital Rectal Exam (DRE)
A procedure in which a physician inserts a lubricated, gloved
finger into the patient's rectum to examine the rectum and the
prostate gland for signs of cancer.
The physician checks for palpable (found by touch) abnormalities in
the prostate, through the thin wall of the rectum. It should be
noted, that the entire gland cannot be checked, which is why a PSA
test is also recommended.
Epididymis
The epididymis is a structure where sperm is stored and matures.
One epididymis is attached to the back side of each testicle, from
where it also transports sperm to the vas deferens.
Erectile Dysfuntion
(Impotence)
Erectile dysfunction, or “impotence”, is defined as an inability
to achieve an erection that is satisfactory for sexual activity.
Escherichia coli (E. coli)
A bacterium that lives in the digestive tract and is responsible for
most
bladder infections.
General Anesthesia
Any of various anesthetic
drugs, usually administered by inhalation or intravenous injection,
that produce general anesthesia
High
Intensity Focused Ultrasound (HIFU)
HIFU
is the procedure that uses ultrasound energy to heat and destroy targeted areas of
tissue. The sound waves pass through healthy tissue without causing
damage. Ultrasound energy, or sound waves, is focused at a specific
location and at that "focal point" the temperature raises to 90
degrees Celsius in a matter of seconds. To review clinical
publications, results and research activity of High Intensity
Focused Ultrasound (HIFU),
click here.
Impotence
The inability of a man to have or keep an erection. Also referred to
as ED.
Incontinence
(Overactive Bladder)
Involuntary loss of urine that results in
urine leakage, causing hygienic or social problems.
Bladder control problems affect
men and
women.
Kidneys
Organs that remove waste and water from blood to produce urine.
Kidneys are bean-shaped organs. They are located near
the middle of your back, just below the rib cage, one on each side
of the spine. Every day, your kidneys process about 200 quarts of
blood to sift out about 2 quarts of waste products and extra water.
The wastes and extra water become urine, which flows to your bladder
through tubes called ureters.
Kidney Stones
A small hard mass in the
kidney that forms from
deposits chiefly of phosphates and urates.
Local Anesthesia
An agent that, when
applied directly to mucous membranes or when injected about the
nerves, produces loss of sensation by inhibiting nerve excitation or
conduction.
Mixed incontinence
A combination of types of
Incontinence, usually stress and urge.
No Needle/No
Scalpel Vasectomy 100% money
back guarantee!
A revolutionary new approach that does not involve a needle or
scalpel. Instead of feeling discomfort from a needle to inject a
local anesthetic, the “No-Needle Anesthetic” passes Novocain with a
“jet” injector that never penetrates a patient’s skin. The
“No Scalpel”
vasectomy use a special instrument (not a scalpel) to make a
single small skin opening through which the urologist can perform
the vasectomy procedure.
Opus
- Urodynamics System
“OPUS”
isn’t a person or an animal. Opus is the most advanced urodynamic
system in the world today and we are proud to make Opus
available to our patients.. Opus allows us to perform urodynamics -
the science of precise diagnosis of
bladder control
problems to help find the best solution for you.
Opus has exceeded our expectations – the system is accurate, precise
and helps Dr. Pugach determine the cause of bladder control problems
with greater skill than ever. Working along with Opus is our
biofeedback program
which we can now use with more precision. Biofeedback is a
series of computer based pelvic muscle exercises that can reduce or
completely eliminate certain types of incontinence (leakage) or
overactive bladder problems.
Overflow incontinence
A type of
Incontinence in which the
bladder remains full, and leaks
urine. You may feel as though you need to empty your
bladder, but
cannot, or you may urinate a small amount but feel like your
bladder
is still full.
Pelvic floor muscles
Muscles that run from the pubic bone in front to the tail bone in back
that support organs in the pelvis.
Pelvis
The lower part of the abdomen located between the hip bones. Organs in
the female pelvis include the uterus, vagina, ovaries, fallopian
tubes, bladder and rectum.
Peyronie's
Disease
Peyronie's Disease results from scar tissue that develops in one of
the deep layers of the penis. It presents normal lengthening of the
penis as it enlarges during an erection.
The result is a bend at the site of the scar. Depending on where the
scar is located, the penis can bend up, down, left or right. Besides
making intercourse difficult or unpleasant, Peyronie’s Disease can
also result in a shorter penis or one that is too soft or angled for
satisfactory sexual activity.
Prostate
A gland in men, the size and shape of a walnut in puberty, that
surrounds the urethra at the base of the
bladder. It
controls release of urine from the
bladder and the
flow of semen and prevents the two from mixing. Its only known
function is for reproduction.
Prostate Cancer
A disease where cells of the
prostate become
abnormal and start to grow uncontrollably, forming cancer, which has
the potential to spread to other parts of the body and be fatal. . A
cancer in the prostate
may interfere with proper control of the bladder and normal sexual
function. The first symptom of
prostate cancer may
be difficulty in urinating. However, because a very common,
non-cancerous condition of the
prostate,
benign prostatic
hyperplasia (BPH), also causes the same problem, difficulty in
urination is not necessarily
prostate cancer.
See your urologist
for tests.
Prostate
Disorder
Any abnormality or disease of the
prostate gland..
About half of all men over 60 have nonmalignant enlargement, or
benign prostatic
hyperplasia (BPH). The gland may eventually compress the
urethra, causing problems urinating.
Prostate
infections, called prostatitis, are very common in men and can be
treated by a urologist.
Prostate-Specific Antigen (PSA) Blood Test
A blood test used to help detect prostate cancer. The PSA
test measures levels of a substance called "prostate-specific
antigen" made by the prostate gland. PSA levels often go up in men
with prostate cancer. To learn more about prostate cancer, risks,
detection and treatment,
click here.
Pyelonephritis
An infection of the kidney.
Scrotum
The external sac of skin which encloses the testes. The function of
the scrotum is to keep the testicles at a temperature slightly lower
than that of the rest of the body.
Semen
Semen is a mixture of sperm cells and seminal secretions - less
than 1% sperm to 99% secretions by volume. The volume of each
ejaculate of semen is approximately 2 to 6 cc. Each cc of semen can
contain up to 100 million sperm cells.
Seminal Vesicle
One of two glands (plural seminal vesicles) that produce a
component of semen.
Sperm
The male reproductive cell. In man, sperm are produced in the testes
and travels through the male’s reproductive system. At
fertilization, one sperm of the roughly 300 million in an average
ejaculation (see semen ) fertilizes an the female egg to produce a
pregnancy.
Stress
urinary incontinence (SUI)
The most common type of
incontinence in women in which urinary leakage occurs
when physical stress or pressure is put on the
bladder, such as in
coughing, sneezing, laughing, or exercising. More than 15 million
women in the U.S. experience SUI. SUI often develops after pregnancy
and childbirth, and occurs when the tissues surrounding the urethra
no longer provide adequate support to prevent the bladder from
opening.
Testicle
A testicle is one of two male reproductive glands that produce
sperm and the male hormone testosterone. It is also known as the
testis. Both testicles are held in the scrotum.
Testosterone
The male sex hormone produced mostly by the testicles. A small
amount is made by the adrenal glands.
In men, testosterone plays a key role in the development of male
reproductive tissues, including the testis and prostate as well as
promoting secondary sexual characteristics such as increased muscle
and bone mass and hair growth. Testosterone is essential for health
and well-being.
 ThermoTherapy (Microwave)
A minimally invasive procedure used to
treat BPH.
ThermoTherapy is done in Dr.
Pugach's office, usually in 30 minutes. The procedure utilizes
targeted heath engergy to destroy enlarged prostate tissue and
relive pressure on the urethra. During the procedure, unique cooling
mechanisms protect healthy tissue and enable more BPH tissue to be
removed. Dr. Pugach is one of the
most experienced urologist in the
Western United States in thermotherapy.
Ureters
Two tubes that carry urine from the
kidneys to the
bladder.
Urethra
A tube that carries semen and urine through the penis outside the
body.
Urethritis
Inflammation of the urethra, the small tube carrying urine from the
bladder out of the body. It can be caused by bacterial, viral or
fungal infections. Sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) such as gonorrhea or
Chlamydia, may be the cause. Less than half of women with this have any symptoms. The
most common of which includes frequent or burning
urination.
Urge incontinence
A type of
Incontinence that is characterized by sudden feelings of
having to urinate immediately, and often being unable to get to a
toilet in time. A symptom of an overactive
bladder may be urge incontinence.
Urinary sphincter
A circular muscle at the base of the
bladder and the wall of the
urethra that controls urination. It contracts to close off the
bladder
neck and the urethra so urine does not escape from the body, and
relaxes to allow urine to drain from the body.
Urinary tract
The system in the body that makes, stores and discharges urine,
including two
kidneys, two ureters, the bladder and the urethra.
Urine
Liquid waste product filtered from the blood by the
kidneys, stored in
the bladder and expelled from the body through the urethra by the act
of voiding (urinating).
Urine Leakage
Urinary
Incontinence
(UI) is the loss of urine control, or the inability to hold your
urine
Urodynamics testing
Urodynamics is the science of
diagnosing the cause of bladder control problems. From the changes
that occur in women after menopause to enlarged prostates, from back
problems to changes in your anatomy over the years, there are many
causes. By identifying the cause, Dr. Pugach is able to recommend
specific treatments to correct bladder control problems.
Opus is the most advanced
urodynamic system in the world today. Opus allows us to perform
urodynamics.
Varicocele
An abnormal enlargement of the veins in the scrotum draining the
testicles. The veins can elevate the temperature around the
testicle, leading to infertility or pain.
Vas Deferens
The vas deferens is one of two small muscular tubes that connect
to the ejaculatory ducts in the
prostate and carry
sperm from the testicles. Also referred to as the vas, each tube is
approximately 14 inches long by 0.1 inch wide. The vas deferens
functions as a conduit to carry sperm from the testes out through
the penis via the urethra.
 Vasectomy (
No Needle, No Scalpel...No Kidding!)
Surgical closing of the vas deferens, usually as a means of
sterilization.
A vasectomy is a surgical
procedure performed on adult males in which the vasa deferentia
(tubes that carry sperm from the testicles to the ejaculatory ducts)
are cut, cauterized or otherwise interrupted. The semen no longer
contains sperm after the tubes are cut, so conception cannot occur.
The testicles continue to produce sperm, but the sperm die and are
absorbed by the body. (See non-surgical vasectomy procedure-
No Needle/No Scalpel
Vasectomy)
(click on brochure to download)
Vasectomy Reversal
vasectomy is the
process by which the tube carrying sperm from the testicles out the
penis is blocked.
Vasectomy reversal is a procedure of re-opening the vas deferens
to re-introduce sperm to semen.
Vasectomy reversal
is a delicate micro-surgical procedure (done using an operating
microscope) that requires up to 4 hours of operating time, wherein
the tubes are reconnected, allowing sperm to pass through once
again. |
